Fluid-pressure brake for guns.



PATENTED JULY 14, 1908.

0. BEHNKB.

FLUID PRESSURE BRAKE FOR GUNS.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.6, 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEE'I.

' PATENTED JULY 14, 1903.

0. BEHNKE.

FLUID PRESSURE BRAKE FOR GUNS.

APPLIOATIQN YILED ()GT. 6, 1902.

I0 MODEL.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

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. nis of the p foilelimo in brakes .l piece eirfner ihrongh grooves einner Willi of the cylinder or es of the pisfien er ihroizgh bores ebody of the piston. lion relates specifically to :1 2 gijlnzting sizerun ningoui movement iiilpressiirebrs es; snditoonsis a 1;; on thebroke-piston e snout ihe of the pi fGIQQLl to rotate relatively to-nnepiston duringsne movement of the latter.

in the psn ing drawings. which ii1osurete iliree inhoriiin nts of theinvention,

it" rlieal section so. em-

esignefor field so the orniecl in is a cross .L is. 1, looking fromross-seovion on the parts being in o, and 7 are scheme-ibisillustrations. Fig. 8 shows in longitudinal sect-ion seeoliulembellish-ens of the nvention fluid-pressure broke; in which sect-ion onthe line 9 9, Fig. n, looking from she right. Fig. 10 shows a thirdembodiment; of the inveni-ion designed for fluid-pressure brakes inwhich the fluid e L r igil bores arranged in the pisbon.

- passes from. one side of the piston to the other through grooves cutin l-he Wsll of the cylinder. Fig. 11 is section the lies ll 11, Fig.10, looking from the right. Figs. 12 and 13 are schematic illustrationsexpieneiory of EUHR, GEHIPXANY, ASSlGNOR if. ii rl-THEEUHE, GERMANY;

of z

cs1 one side oilthe piston- TO FRIED.

E Ffiil GUNS;

$erisl No- 126,2'-l3. (No model.)

hoiemboriiznent of the invention which is Figs. 1 lo 7, inelnsivn, thebrake-piston eonts, esseni i of three pa,rtsnsmely,; a. piston-holly B,ll silly connected with the pision-rod, rotary valve C, and e clap-valveD (Z The piston B is provided on its mew tie-surface with a. projection17, Fig. 3, which is guided in s rigo -line groove 1? in the wall of ihebrake-cylinder, so that the pistonhc-(iy l3 .lhl'BQClllGLl againstturning in recoil and running-om. movements. (See-also Fig.7.)

In the menus-surface of the pistombody B are cub two diametricallyopposite right-line by-pass grooves E. The piston-body l? is offset,upon the side opposite to the piston-rod and carries on this point therotary valve 0, Whieh is provided on its ma-nilefaoe with a, projectionc, Fig. 2. This projection o is so g nirlerl in e curved groove G of thecylinderwall that, it turns the rotary valve C during the recoil andrunning-out movements of the pisses-body B. In the mantle-face of therotary valve 0 likewis out two cliaznetricelly opposite right-lineby-pass grooves H, which linve e a me breadth and (lepi'n the groovesi-he pistoobofiy B. In a, bore oi $111, n-ioody B is rotatably ar ii :1box 13'. with a shoulder i, which box projects through the bore of the"rot-awry valve. Securely oonneoieil to 'l/iliti box o ialirougn i'hemedium of screw-threads is a valvehlook D, mist-ably mounted in the boreof the rosary valve (3, vliieh valve-block may turn relssively to thepiston-hody l3 and independently of the rotary valve G and, to geLherwith the shoulder/i of the box J; eonnee s the rotary valve 0 with thepiston-bod y B, so the it; is immovable in axial direction, butrotatable thereon. Upon the valveblook D are hinged two clapper-s d, ofessent-ially sector shape, which at; their periphery are about equal inwidth to the grooves E and H. The rotary valve G is formed on the sideaway from the piston-rod b with a cone face 0, against which ilieoorrespondiugly-formed faces of the slappers d are pressed by the freeends of the Lorsion-spring K, wound upon the pivot-bolt of the The vslvebloek L is provided with a lateral ex tension 3!. Fig. :3, whichone-rues in a curved groove L out into the v. .ll of the cylinder, andadapted to turn the valve relatively to the piston-hotly du'ringg; themovement of the brake-piston. The portion of the extension n whichengages in the groove L is of such a length that it engages in thatportion of the groove L which is covered by the mantlesuriace of therotary valve, and thus closes the rotary valve against the p age offluid. The stroke of tho clnpg'iers is limited by two stops ill,arranged upon them, which abut against each other when the valves areopen.

The brake-cylinder is filled with fluid on both sides of the piston.

The description of the mode of operation of the subject-matter of thisinvention will proceed from those positions of the parts of thebrake-piston under consideration assumed in the firing position of thegun namely, the position indicated at I in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 5. In thisposition the bypass groovs E and Ii coincide, and. the olappers (l lieagainst the cone face 0 of the rotary valve (3 and cover the hy-passgroove H, with the exception. of a restricted portion. \Vhen a shotfired, the brake-piston moves back. in the direction of theblack-feathered arrows, Figs. 1 and and socks to expel the fluid infront of it to the other side of the piston. The overflowing, fluidescapes through the by-pasn grooves E and ll of the piston-body and ofthe rotary valve and unseats the clappcrs d in opposition to then'essure ot' the ends oi" the spring] The clappers (Z in consequence ofthe hollow conical i'orm of their seat 2 immediatrly open and .i'orm alay-pass upon the coini'nencen'iont of recoil and durint, thecontinuance of recoil retain this position, which is illustrated at l inFig. 1. Consequently they have no influence upon the recoil. Thislastnncutionod fact is not affected by the rotation of the valve-block Dabout the axis of the brake-piston relatively to the pistoirbody and therotary valve by the engagement of the projection ti of said valve-blockinithe groove L of the cylinderwail during such recoil movement. Since,as already noted, the by-pass grooves E and ii coincide at the beginningof recoil movement, (Fig. 5, position 1,) the brake fluid, while thefirst part of the recoil is only slightly throttled, can pass from oneside of the piston to the other. in the further continuance oi therecoil the rotary valve U will be forced by its guiding, extension (1 toturn relatively to the piston-body ii to a degree correspomiing to thecurve of its guiding groove G, (illustrated, by way of example, in Fig.7,) so that the edge 71. of the rotary valve, together with the edge cof the piston-body, (Fig. 5, position IL) continually reduces thetry-pass opening, 1th a pri'igr ssivo increase oi" throttling of thefluid, so that at the end of recoil (i i 5, position HI) only a verysmall Toy-pa. opening remains ootween the edges c and 71. The recoilhaving: ceased, the

piston is driven forward in the direction of the light-feathered arrows,Fig. f3, by means of the energy stored up in the recuperatorspring orthe like during recoil. As soon as this reversal of movement commencesthe valve-clappers (l are seated upon the cone face 0 of the rotaryvalve under the influence ol' the ends of the spring K and the nowreversed iiow of fluid and remain in this seated position until the endoi? the running-out movement. (Fig. ti, positions IV, V, VI.) During therunningout movement the rotary valve 0 is always returned to itsoriginal po sition through the medium of its projection c, sliding inthe groove G. The clap-valve D (Z J does not change. its position withreference to the piston-body during the first part of the running-outmovement, since the guidegroove L for the projection ('Z of the valveruns in a right line fora part of its length, Fig. 7. As will heobserved from Fig. 5, (positions 1V and V,) only the edges (3 and h ofthe piston-body B and the rotary valve 0 now influence the throttling,of the flowing liquid. At the conunencement of the position V of thebrake-pistol. (shown in Fig. 6) the edges (Z of the clapper-s (Zinfluence the sectional area of the by-pass. Next, the furtherthrottling of the fluid, as will he soon from Fig. 6, position VI, is-soaffected by the edges 7L and d of the rotary valve 0 and the'clappers dthat toward the end of the running-out movement a material restrictionof the loypass opening, and consequently a more gradual movement, isproduced.

Guiding-grooves F, G, and I. can naturally follow other curves than thatillustrated in Fig. 7 and suitable to the effect which it is desired tobe produced by them.

The Oll'lllOdllllGilii of the invention shown in Figs. 8 and f) differsfrom that alfove described, obviously, in that in place of the bypassgrooves E and H, out into the wall of the piston, diametrically oppositebypass bores i l and H, of segmental form, are arranged in thepiston-body and rotary valve, through which the fluid v lows duringrecoil and runningout movements. The operation of the parts of. thisembodiment is the same as described with reference to the illustrationof the invention already given.

In the ombodimcntof the invention shown in Figs. 10 to lo the braking,llnid passes during recoil and run ig-out movements of the gun throughtwo diametrically opposite by-pass grooves 1, cut into thecylinder-wall, the depth of which is constant, while the breadthgradually decreases in the direction of the black-feathered arrow, Figs.10 and 12. 'l'he reduction of the breadth of the grooves l isaccomplished by having one of the side walls 1) extend in a right line,while the other side wall 2) takes the direction of a spiral line. Inengagement with the grooves P are two extensions Q of the piston-bodyIll. Duri n w? end or the recoil. ,fillltl can pass from one side of thepiston through the medium of an extension Z) likearrauged on thepiston-body B and sliding a right-line groove G otthe brake-cylinder, tomove with their edges (1 bearing against the right-line edges p of theby-pa-ss grooves i. As ih extensions Q are not so wide as the grooves P,aportion of the sect on of said grooves remains free during the movementof the brake-piston, which during recoil serves by-pass for the fluid,with a gradually-l ducing section. In order now to cut oil ater portionof this by-pass secthe running-out movement, the clap-valve I? d J isarranged to rotate relatively to the piston-body in a manner similar tothe two embodiments already described. ihe ciappers dengage, like theextensions Q. of the piston-body, in the groove P of the cylinder-wall.The valve-block D is likewise provided witl a lateral olfset d, which isguided in a spiral groove L, which forces the clap-valve to turnrelatively to the pistonbody during the recoil and running-outmovements.

In the position of rest the several parts of the brake-pistm take thepositions shown in Figs. 10 and 11 and at I in Fig. 12. As soon as therecoil of the brake-piston begins the clappers d are raised from theirseat inst the pressure of their-spring K by the ssure of the duidstreaming through the ,.3oves P, (Fig. 12, positions II and 1H,) andtheyretain this raised position until the Consequently the brake to theother through the space between the side wall o of the bypass groovesand the 3ide walls of the extension Q, whereby it nevertheless meetswith a th rottling due to the restriction in the breadth of the bypasssec tion. During the recoil movement of the brake-piston the clap-valvewas positivelyturned relatively to the piston-body by the offset tZsliding in the curved groove L,withon L, however, influencing theby-pass of the fluid, since the slappers d are raised from thepiston-body; but as soon as the runningout movement in the direction ofthe lightfeathered arrow, Fig. 13, begins the clappers (Z are seatedunder the pressure of the spring K and of the fluid, so that during therunning-out movement the ends of the clappers ll enga 'ingin the groovesP of the extensions Q of the piston-body almost completely fill up thegrooves P and by forcible throttling of the braking fluid produce agradual running-out movement of the parts oi the gun that are returningto firing position. During the running-out movement the clap-valve byreason of its offset (1 sliding in the curved groove i. 'will againforced to turn backthat to say, this clap-valve turns, as shown inpositio s 13* to VI, Fig. 133, to such a degree, for nple, that at thebeginning of the rnnnin but movement (position 1V, Fig. a coin lvelylarge hy-pass is provided between the side faces d of the clappers andthe side walls 19' of the grooves P, and at the ending of therunning-out movement (position VI, Fig. 1-3) a correspondingly greatopening between the side faces (1 of the clappcrs and q of theextensions Q is provided. In the intermediate position (position V, Fig.13) only very small by-pass openings are made on either side of theclappers, so that at this position a very strong throttling of the brakefluid takes place. The guiding-groove L can obviously turn in otherdirections.

Having thus described the invention, the following is what is claimed asnew therein:

1. In alluid-pressure brake for recoil-guns,

the combination of a cylinder and its piston,

by-passes through which fluid escapes from one side of the piston to theother, and means for throttling said by-passcs, consisting of a hingedvalve rotating about the pistons axis during recoil and running-outmovements, and opening and closing the by-passes by such rotation andhaving clappers seating in one direction to close said by-passes andunseating in the opposite direction to open the by-passes.

2. In a fluid-pressure brake for recoil-guns, the combination of thecylinder and its piston, having by-passes through which fiuid passesfrom one side of the piston to the other, a valve-b0dy rotatable on theaxis of the piston throttling the by-passes by its rotation,aspirally-constructed guide on theinteriorof the cylinder, engaged bythe valvebody to cause the latter to rotate during recoil andrunning-outmovements, and hinged valves on the valve-body seating underpressure in one direction, over parts of the areas of the by-passesv torestrict the flow therethrough, and unseating by pressure in theopposite direction as explained.

3. In a fluid-pressure brake for recoil-guns, the combination of thebrake-cylinder, the piston, the rotary valve rotatable about the axis ofand relatively to the piston, by-passes ,throttled by the relativemovement between the piston and rotary valve, a guide Within thecylinder engaged by the rotary valve to cause rotation of the latter,and hinged valves seating against and unseating the icy-passes bypressure of fluid in opposite directions.

4. In a fluid-pressure brake for recoil-guns, the combination of thecylinder, the piston having by-passes, the rotary valve havingby-passes, corresponding to those in the piston, and the valve-bodyhaving hinged Valves seating over the by-passes in the rotary valve;said rotary valve and clap-valve being each rotatable independentlyof'each other and of the piston and having each a guide-bearing withinthe cylinder which causes their rotation during recoil and running-outmovements of the gun.

5. In a fluid-pressure brake for recoil-guns, the combination with thecylinder and its IIC

